Updated IDSA ATS Guidelines on Management of Adults With HAP and VAP Lecture 31 nosocomial pneumonia Flashcards Quizlet NEW: CAP, HAP, and VAP Resources Download the free charts and take the knowledge check quizzes in your Pyrls app or website today! VAP #HAP #pneumonia The diagnosis of VAP is difficult as clinical signs suggestive of pneumonia, such as fever, tachycardia, and leukocytosis, are nonspecific in critically ill patients. Moreover, particularly in