Pathobiological Relationship of Excessive Dietary Intake of Choline L Carnitine: A TMAO Precursor Associated Aggravation in Heart Failure in Sarcopenic Patients Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery Microbiome Springer Nature Link Revisiting the Role of Carnitine in Heart Disease Through the Lens of the Gut Microbiota Assembling the anaerobic gamma butyrobetaine to TMA metabolic pathway in Escherichia fergusonii and confirming its role in TMA production from dietary L carnitine in murine models mBio